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生育政策变革后的计划生育管理策略

发布时间: 2022-10-31 13:20:05 来源:网友投稿

摘要:梳理各省在全面两孩政策正式实施后新修订的《人口与计划生育条例》可见,本次修订的主要内容体现在生育调节、计划生育技术服务、优待与奖励、限制与处罚、人口与计划生育管理等部分。各省《条例》修改体现出我国未来计划生育工作的走向:生育政策迈向公平、计划生育改革平稳有序、人本思想体现始终、依法生育贯穿全程。然而,此次地方《条例》修改也存在一些局限,表现在生育管理改革力度不够,生育支持体系尚未完全建立,医疗卫生资源缺乏有机整合,奖励扶助政策还需完善,全面两孩政策的实施与推进人口城镇化、应对人口老龄化的战略协同尚未体现。新时期计划生育工作应继续坚持在实践中创新和完善计划生育政策,顺应人口发展形势,明确工作目标,及时转变角色和工作方法,

构建完善的生育支持体系,推动计划生育与有关工作的密切结合。

关键词:人口;计划生育;服务管理;改革;条例

中图分类号:C92421文献标识码:A文章编号:1000-4149(2018)05-0053-09

DOI:103969/jissn1000-4149201805006

收稿日期:2018-06-21;修订日期:

2018-08-05

作者简介:肖子华,国家卫生

和计划生育委员会流动人口服务中心主任;林颖,国家卫生和计划生育委员会流动人口服务中心干部。

China’s Family Planning Reform Scheme:

From the Perspective of Amendments to Provincial Regulations

XIAO Zihua, LIN Ying

(Migrant Population Service Center for NHFPC, Beijing 100091, China)

Abstract:

This paper review the amendments of the local Population and Family Planning Regulations following the “universal secondchild policy”. The amendments focus on family planning services, preferential treatment and incentives, restrictions and penalties, population and family planning managements etc. These amendments of the regulations reflect the trend of the policy: it moves towards fairness; the reform is advanced steadily and orderly, the peopleoriented and lawabiding ideology is always embodied. However, there are still some limitation in the revisions, such as insufficient reform regarding the fertility management, bearing support system has not been fully established, lack of organic integration of medical and health resources, the reward and assistance policy needs to be improved, and the insufficient cooperation of the “twochild” policy, population urbanization policy as well as the coping with the aging of the population policy. In the new era, the government should change the roles and working methods in the practice to establish a sound family planning support system, and promote the combination the family planning and the related works.

Keywords:

population; family planning; service and management; reform; regulations

一、引言

2018年1月,国家统计局公布2017年我国全年出生人口1723万

《中华人民共和国2017年国民经济和社会发展统计公报》,http:///tjsj/zxf/b/201802/t20180228_1585631.html

,这一数字比2016年的1786万下降了63万。一时间,全面两孩政策遇冷的质疑四起。全面两孩政策实施后,人口学界的研究学者普遍认为,受生育成本、职业发展、区域等因素的影响[1-6],当前生育意愿本身已經显著低于更替水平[7],而且,生育意愿与生育行为之间是有一定差距的,因此,即使在全面两孩生育政策下,未来我国总人口的规模仍将持续减少,我国仍将有可能迅速进入低生育率陷阱[8-9]。那么,当前局面下,政府作为生育政策的制定主体,如何从宏观视角推动全面两孩政策目标的实现?

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